For 63 years (1611 – 1674) Sark’s remarkable minister Elie Brevint kept his flock Presbyterian – through the Civil War and Commonwealth, long past the restoration of the King. In 1675 Sark was given a new constitution and came further into the Anglican fold. To mark the new era, Seigneur de Carteret, newly restored to his Fief by Parliament and the King, donated a chalice and plate for Holy Communion. However, Sark continued to prefer its old style of worship. Under the Le Pelley Seigneurs (1730 – 1852) the ministers continued to be French or Swiss Calvinists. They were appointed by the Seigneur as his chaplains and largely at his expense. (In fact, it was not until 1934 that Sark became a vicariate.)
By the time of the French Revolution, church attendance had lapsed and the tavern seems to have stayed open most of the Sabbath. Working people in Sark were looking to the Methodists for moral leadership and in 1796 a Methodist Chapel was built at La Ville Roussel. The plan of a Sark Parish Church was conceived as a means of re-establishing the authority of Anglicanism in Sark.
The Building
History of the Church building
By midsummer 1821 a plain rectangular building was complete – this is the present nave, measuring 68ft by 35ft, and 20ft high at the eaves. The east wall, which was demolished in 1877 to build the chancel, had two arched windows and a ‘round’ above, matching the west end. Originally the square bell tower was quite small. Foundations for the new church were dug by Sark workmen and the walls were built 2ft 6ins thick. Cartloads of schistic and slate stone were hauled up from Port du Moulin and granite was quarried from L’Eperquerie. Outside, the dark granite quoins that mark each 12-inch course of stonework, were brought from a quarry at L’Ancresse in Guernsey.
The floor is of Purbeck flagstones shipped from Swanage. Carpentry work – framing the fir roof beams and rafters, fixing laths to bear glazed roof tiles and to support the ceiling of hair and lime plaster – was planned by Jean Tardif of Jersey and carried out by Guernsey carpenters.
On 7th August 1821 the Bishop of Winchester licensed ‘the new erected chapel’ according to the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England, but it wasn’t until 1829 that he finally crossed the sea to consecrate ‘Saint Peter’s’. Both Le Pelley Seigneurs who were its patrons and worked so hard to bring it into existence were named Peter.
The interior of the original Church as it used to be
Inside the original church, the east end was dominated by the three-tiered pulpit. This was octagonal and centrally placed between the two arched windows. It stood on a platform six feet above the pavement and was reached by a staircase rising from the minister’s pew in the southeast corner (where the organ now is). Below the pulpit, three feet above the pavement were square stalls with desks for the clerk (‘Greffe’) and the reader (‘Lecteur’) who made public proclamations. To the left, on a six-inch wooden stage, a plain communion table was enclosed by a wooden rail 6ft 6ins by 5ft.
Victorian Alterations: Chancel and Tower
Much of the Victorian look of the church is due to Seigneur William T Collings, whose mother bought the Fief of Sark in 1852. He was a clergyman with a keen interest in contemporary Gothic architecture. In 1877, Collings designed and paid £200 for extending the east end, to form a chancel with choir, sanctuary and altar steps, and to provide a vestry. The style and building materials are eclectic; quoins, arch stones and sills are in the ‘grey and red’ Guernsey granite, so that they match the extensions which Collings had earlier made at Le Seigneurie. Inside the chancel, notice the decorative pebble panels, the use of Guernsey brick for ‘romanesque’ window arches, the stained glass and the glazed medieval-style floor tiles. The oval ‘brooch stone’ between two arches in the wall south of the altar is said to have been placed there by Seigneur W.T. Collings in memory of his daughter Wilhelmine, who died aged 8. The original high-backed public benches were replaced and new stalls were added for a choir. A harmonium was brought in beside the minister’s pew.
The Pews
The Pew Scheme
The cost of building the church came to about £1,000. The plot was given by Seigneur Peter le Pelley from his manor lands. Part of the cost was borne by the Society for Promoting the Enlargement and Building of Churches and Chapels. Part came from the forty tenants who subscribed for closed family pews, to be attached for ever to their tenements. Pew rents secured nearly £300 before building started and ensured a perpetual income (now minuscule) for maintenance. The Society insisted that at least half the total of 333 seats be ‘open’ to the public. Unfortunately the Seigneur died before his plan materialised, and it was his son Peter le Pelley III who laid the foundation stone in Spring 1820.
Pew Arrangement
The pew arrangement for St Peters Church, Sark.
Furnishings
St Peters Church Furnishings
The present pulpit was installed in 1883 in memory of the Reverend J.L.V. Cachemaille (minister 1835-77) and the brass eagle lectern in 1896 for his successor Charles Vermeil. Stained glass windows in the nave were made in London by Moore & Son in 1926, gift of various benefactors. Most celebrated is that of St. Magloire, who is said to have brought Christianity to Sark in 565 A.D. and to have founded a monastery (at La Moinerie). In recent years, members of the congregation have contributed by building choir stalls and working tapestried cushions and kneelers.
Tapestries
St Peters Church Tapestries
In 1977 the Wardens of St. Peters church suggested that a Ladies Committee be formed to organise the re-covering of the pew seats and kneelers in the church. With kind permission of the Seigneur and Mrs Beaumont, the cushions of the choir stalls were begun, incorporating a pattern traced from the floor tiles of the chancel. This became known as the ‘Seigneur’s Tile Pattern’ and may not be used by other churches without permission. Members of the congregation worked it in shades of russet and cream on a dark blue background.
In 1978 the Ladies Committee asked the owners of the pews whether they would finance the cost of materials to re-cover their pew seats and kneelers, and the Committee volunteered to do the work. There was an immediate response and the owners were given a choice of designs, incorporating motifs from Tenement crests and coats of arms, with the name of the Tenement worked into the seats. People from all over the Island came forward to do the work, nearly a fifth of the population being involved. A weekly meeting was set up to give out wools and help beginners with the designs. Ladies made up the majority of the workers, but some men joined in, and classes were also held to teach the schoolchildren tapestry. Visitors hearing of the project also offered to take work home, returning it the following year when they visited the island again.
Once the tapestries for the chancel seats and the main body of the church were completed, the public seating at the rear of the church was begun and designs were evolved using the remains of the wool. Funds were raised to purchase wool for the background and foam rubber and canvas for the cushions. During this time a new Priest in Charge was appointed, who suggested that kneelers be provided for all the pews, and 84 kneelers were worked in tapestry and sold to people who wished to commemorate a person or occasion.
On the completion of this work, the Committee became the Ladies Guild of St. Peters church which, in addition to repair and maintenance of the tapestries, made articles of knitting, sewing, tapestry, embroidery, soft toys and Christmas cards for orders or sale at the Church Fete in the summer.
The Bell
History about the bell of St Peters Church, Sark
The first tower housed the ‘island bell’. This ancient bell was given to the settlers in 1580 by Philippe de Carteret, future Seigneur. It used to hang from a wooden belfry on a mound in the Clos de la Tour de la Cloche, just to the east of the church site, and was rung to raise the alarm in cases of fire or shipwreck. By 1883 the raising of the tower was complete, again using much dark grey Guernsey granite, and the belfry strengthened. A new deep-toned bell was cast from ‘two old six-pounders’, brass cannon which had provided Sark’s defence since Elizabethan times. The old ‘island bell’ was mounted on the schoolhouse, where it still is.
Article by Mr David Godwin on the history of the bell in St Peter's Church
35 Winsley Road
Bradford on Avon
Wilts BA15 1QT
email: dwhgodwin@aol.com
Peter’s Church. As promised here are the details of the bell:
The bell was cast in 1883 by A. Harvard of Villedieu les Poeles, France. The bell
would have been cast by the ‘lost wax’ process of casting where the bell was first
moulded in wax over the inner part of the mould, the outer part of the mould then
being built over the wax. The wax is melted away leaving a bell shaped cavity into
which bell metal is poured. This method allows for the production of the fine detail of
the decoration around the shoulder and sound bow of the bell, the very good quality
of the inscription and the decoration of the canons (the loopy bits on the top of the
bell from which it is attached to the headstock).
The bell has a diameter of 35 ¾” (913mm) and strikes the note A (1717.5 hz). From
the tonal analysis I have done it is not far off modern tuning standards. When struck,
a bell produces many partial tones, in a modern bell these are manipulated to be in
tune with each other by turning the bell on a large lathe. The Sark bell has not been
machine tuned and sounds as it was cast.
The tonal analysis for the Sark bell is as follows:
Partial tone Note (error in cents from concert
pitch)
Frequency in Hz
Nominal A (-42) 1717.5
Quint Eb (-3) 1242
Tierce Db (-45) 1080
Prime Ab (-12) 824.5
Hum Ab (+0) 415
In a modern bell the Hum, Prime and Nominal are each tuned an octave above each
other. In the case of the Sark bell the Hum and Prime are both a little flat of this. The
Tierce is tuned to a minor third, i.e. a C and the Quint should be a perfect fifth, i.e. an
E. In both cases they are somewhat off the ideal, however the overall effect is that the
Sark bell has a pleasant tone when struck.
From this information I would estimate that the bell weighs about 8 ¼ cwt (420Kg).
The bell bares two inscriptions one on either side of the waist.
The West facing inscription simply gives the name of the founder and has a large
cross with Christ on.
a. HARVARD a VILLEDIEU FRANCE
The East facing inscription tells of the two cannons to make the bell for the church on
Sark. It also names the Seigneur and probably the church wardens in 1883.
a.d. 1883
fondue aux frais de quelouesamis
de deux canons don du gouvernement
a legalise de sercq
w.f. collings seigneur
c. vermeil. M. nistre
venez montions a la maison de leternel
Whether or not the two guns were used to cast the bell is imposable to prove, but I
think it unlikely that they were used alone because gun metal bronze (not brass as it
says in the church guide) is of a much lower tin content than bell metal bronze. Gun
metal bronze is typically 90% copper 10% tin where as bell metal bronze is 77%
copper 23% tin. At a rough guess the value of the scrap weight of the guns was offset
by the founder against the value of metal used to cast the bell.
The bell foundry in Villedieu les Poeles near Grandville, Normandy, France still
exists today, now run under the name Cornile Harvard. It is open to the public and
an interesting place to visit. (http://www.cornille-havard.com/)
The bell is hung for swing chiming in a soft-wood cross braced frame contemporary
with the tower and bell. The headstock is of typical shape as used by French bell
founders as is the small diameter wheel to which the rope is attached. The bell has at
sometime been rehung, the original plain bearings inserted into the frame heads
being replaced by ball bearings. The frame has also been under pinned with two steel
RSJs. Stainless steel tie rods have also been added to help prevent frame movement.
The iron fittings are in good condition and are well painted to protect them from the
sea air. The clapper is very rusty and I think the leather bushing in its pivot has worn
or disintegrated and is in need of replacing as there is a lot of sideways movement in
the clapper. This is a job any handy-man should be able to undertake, but if advice is
needed then contact me and I’m sure I can help.
I hope that this information will be of interest to you and others in the parish.
Yours sincerely
David Godwin
P.S.
Please find enclosed the pulley block I mentioned to replace that piece of wood with a
hole in to guide the rope at the bottom of the bell frame. I’ve enclosed a diagram of
giving an idea of how it should be fitted. Again any handy-man should be able to fit
it. Also enclosed are contact details for Mendip Ropes for when you need a new bell
rope.
Mendip Ropes
Unit 16 Charmborough Farm
Charlton Road
Holcombe
Radstock
BA3 5FX
http://mendipropes.co.uk/mendip_ropes/Welcome.html
Email. mendipropes@gmail.com
Telephone. 07528 158 334
St Magloire
I think it’s quite likely that those of us who haven’t lived on Sark all our lives had probably never heard of St Magloire until we came here. And for all of us, I suspect that our knowledge is quite scanty, so I thought St Magloire’s day would be a good opportunity for us to try to get to know a little more about our Island Saint.
Right from the beginning, there is doubt about his place of birth, some accounts giving it as Vannes in Brittany, and others stating he was a Welshman of South Glamorgan.
However we do know that he was born in the early 500s, that his mother was a Welsh Princess, his father a Breton nobleman, and that from the age of 5 he studied at the monastery at Llantwit Major under the tutelage of St Illtud.
Some sources say that he was the cousin of St Sampson and others that he was the nephew of King Arthur.
After his ordination he was made Abbot of a monastery at Lammeur in Brittany and we’re told he governed there with prudence and holiness for fifty-two years.
At that time his cousin, St Sampson was Bishop of Dol, and when Sampson died, Magloire was elected to replace hm. Despite his hesitation based on his sentiments of unworthiness and incapacity, he accepted, although he was already nearing his seventies.
He remained there for only two or three years, and then after receiving instructions from a visiting angel, he resigned his post and in 565 withdrew to Sark where he established a community of sixty-two monks.
Sark became an important centre of Christian learning as pupils were sent from Northern France to be educated on the Island, and it is believed that as many as six hundred pupils passed through the monastery during those years.
It’s interesting to note that two of them were St Guénault who became the patron saint of Alderney and Tugual who settled on Herm.
Several miracles are attributed to St Magloire and as a result of these, he acquired much land. He had been given the entire Island of Jersey by the Seigneur Count Lois Escon who had been gravely ill and was miraculously cured by Magloire. Then Nivo, the owner of Guernsey asked for his help in curing his daughter who was deaf and dumb, and for this Magloire was granted a third of Guernsey. He was also given half the Island of Sark by Loyesco of Brittany in return for curing his leprosy.
One of the most well known stories about him concerns his rescue of a group of children who were playing on the beach below the monks water mill in an abandoned wreck, when a sudden violent storm swept them out to sea. Hearing their cries for help, Magloire is said to have transported himself out to sea and saved them and their small boat, steering it to the safety of a Breton cove before vanishing.
The children were taken by local fishermen to King Judal, who, believing their story, ordered the boat to be filled with corn, flour, wool and other gifts before putting to sea again. The boat carrying the children found its way back to Sark in three days.
Magloire was also reputed to be an adept slayer of dragons, and it is said that he saved Jersey from a “monstrous reptile” by his actions. The community became so self-sufficient in food that when famine hit Northern France in 586 supplies were sent from the estates in Jersey and Guernsey to feed the starving in Brittany, and many refugees including members of the Breton nobility were accepted onto Sark.
We don’t know exactly when St Magloire died, dates varying from 575 – 617. However we do know that he spent his final months in his cell reciting Psalm 27 and it’s said that a visiting angel gave him the last rites, October 24th being designated as his feast day.
St Magloire felt called to come to Sark and set up a community. The main buildings are believed to have been in the area where the Moinerie Hotel now stands. They built a sluice at what is now L’Ecluse and had fish ponds and a water mill, the bay below still known as Port du Moulin.
The community needed to be self-sufficient, as well as coping with visitors, and at this they were so successful they were able to send supplies to the starving continent as well as caring for refugees.
To do this Magloire needed to understand Sark and to appreciate all the things it could supply, fish from the sea and the ponds, cereals for flour and bread, vegetables, and good clean air.The Island provided solitude, and an inspiring place to study and became an active centre of the Christian faith.
To put St Magloire’s time on Sark briefly into context, St Patrick had died in Ireland a hundred years before in 465 and throughout the 500s St David had spent his life as a missionary in Wales founding many monasteries, and dying as a very old man in 601.
Columba had left Ireland in 562 to found the famous monastery on Iona just 3 years before Magloire came to Sark. Columba died in 597, the same year that Pope Gregory sent Augustine to convert the English, and it was almost another hundred years before Aidan went from Iona to Lindisfarne.
So it’s true to say that St Magloire and his monastery on Sark was right at the centre of all missionary activities that were being carried out by the Celtic Saints during those years, and whilst we may not be able to claim quite the status of islands such as Iona or Lindisfarne, there are many who do see Sark as a Holy Island, and we can be very proud of our pioneering early resident, St Magloire, and of Sark’s place in the Christian world.
Amen
Address given by Miss Terry Archer (Licensed Reader) on Sunday 24 October 2010, the feast day of St Magloire
Incumbents of St Peter's Church, Sark
|
Dates |
Incumbents of St Peter's Sark |
Notes |
|
1565 – 1605 |
Cosmé Brévint |
|
|
1605 - 1608 |
David Bandinel |
|
|
1608 - 1609 |
Jean Gruchy |
|
|
1609 – 1612 |
Simon Herne |
|
|
1612 – 1674 |
Elie Brévint |
|
|
1674 - 1698? |
Moise Benoist |
|
|
1698 – 1722 |
Pierre de Camon |
|
|
1722 – 1724 |
Elie de Fresne |
|
|
1724 – 1751? |
Vital Privat |
|
|
1751 –1753 |
Jacques Levrier |
|
|
1753 –1756 |
Pierre Levrier |
|
|
1757 – 1795 |
Jacques Cayeux Deschamps |
|
|
1795 – 1808 |
Pierre Paul Secretan |
|
|
1808 - 1819 |
Nicholas Bernel |
|
|
1821 - 1822 |
Jean Marc de Joux |
|
|
1822 – 1829 |
Thomas Orange |
|
|
1829 – 1830 |
Jean Gédéon René de Joux |
|
|
1830 – 1831 |
James Procter |
MA (St Peter’s College, Cambridge) |
|
1831 – 1832 |
Frederick Bailhache |
|
|
1832 –1834 |
Bonamy Le Cocq |
|
|
1835 – 1877 |
Jacques Louis Victor Cachemaille |
|
|
1877 – 1896 |
Charles Vermeil |
BLitt, BD (Université de France) |
|
1897 – 1922 |
Louis Napoleon Seichan |
|
|
1922 – 1926 |
John Eagles Harston |
BA (Clare College, Cambridge) |
|
1926 – 1932 |
Edmondson Nelson Greenhow |
MA (Hertford College, Oxford) |
|
1932 – 1934 |
Alexander James Bestic |
MA (Christ Church, Oxford |
|
1935 – 1936 |
Ernest Wrangham Clarke |
MA (St. Catherine’s College, Cambridge) |
|
1936 – 1938 |
Mark Robinson |
MA (University College, Oxford) |
|
1938 – 1945 |
Richard Hutchinson Philipps The Vicar of Sark was deported by the Germans c. 1942 |
MA (St. Catherine’s Society, Oxford) |
|
1946 – 1950 |
Angus William Robson |
|
|
1950 – 1952 |
Frederic Arthur Pegler |
MA (Selwyn College, Cambridge) |
|
1952 – 1955 |
Hubert Ernest Gant |
|
|
1956 –1977 |
Philip Ellard Ellard-Handley |
MA (St. Catherine’s College, Cambridge) |
|
1979 – 1984 |
Peter Lund |
MA (Oriel College, Oxford) |
|
1984 – 1991 |
Robert William Harris (Priest in Charge) |
|
|
1991 – 1995 |
Peter Simpson |
MA (Trinity Hall, Cambridge) |
|
1994 – 2011 |
Graham Llewelyn Leworthy (Assistant Curate) |
BA (University of Reading) |
|
1995 – 2003 |
Frederic Marc Trickey (Priest in Charge) |
BA (St. John’s College, Durham) |
|
2003 – 2014 |
Kenneth Paul Mellor (Priest in Charge) |
MA (University of Leeds) |
|
2014 - 2017 |
Julia Anne Dallen (House for duty Priest) |
BTh (University of Exeter) |
|
2015 - |
Timothy Reed Barker (Priest in Charge) |
MA (University of Cambridge) |
| 2017 - | Karen Le Mouton (Methodist Minister in Pastoral Charge) | BEd (Hons) University of East Anglia; MEd (University of Birmingham) |